Experiment to determine the presence of a single nucleotide Lab Report

Analysis to decide the nearness of a solitary nucleotide polymorphism in a quality - Lab Report Example Factors, for example, the recombination of hereditary qualities and the rate or transformation assume a major job in deciding the thickness of SNP (Kwak, J. 2007). The thickness of SNP could be anticipated by the microsatellites nearness. The microsatellites AT nucleotides are the intense SNP indicators of thickness with the rehashed long tracts that can be found in territories of decreased SNP thickness and low substance of GC nucleotides. SNP in a populace is doled out the recurrence of a minor allele (Shastry, B. 2002). This includes the less recurrence of allele for SNP. So as to comprehend the event of a solitary nucleotide polymorphism, an analysis was set to decide the nearness of a solitary nucleotide polymorphism in a quality. The materials that were utilized in the investigation include: Sample 1, which was the Lambda DNA(ÃŽ »DNA) that was processed with Hindlll, Sample 2, which was an oppressed DNA*PCR intensified for undigested WMIN quality, and test 3, which was an oppressed DNA * PCR enhanced for the quality WMIN that was processed utilizing Hindlll. The stacking cradle was added to the gave tests. The substance of the stacking cradle are a following color, bromophenol blue, and glycerol that made workable for the examples to sink into the well of stacking on the gel. During the trial, the expendable gloves were worn to diminish the tainting of DNAase from the fingers. Around 50 mL 0.8% w/v agarose gel was readied. Gelred was added to agarose gel (Su MC, Y. 2008). The agarose gel was set into the mechanical assembly of electrophoresis, having the wells on the dark finish of the cathode. TBE running support was added to cover the gel to a degree of 1-2 mm over the surface. About 4â µl amount of tests having 100ng DNA was stacked from test one to three inside the wells utilizing P20 Gilson. The cover was put on, the force turned on and acclimated to around 100 v. The force was run for roughly 30 minutes up to when the blue tracker color was about  ¾ of the gel. The force gracefully was killed and the

Muir and Wordsworth Essay

Proposition Statement, Opening Paragraph, proof and end REVISED While the two artists Muir and Wordsworth expounded on the upbeat emotions that they have towards nature the lovely outside or what a few people may state Mother Nature, some of which the sentiments are the equivalent and some that are diverse as they talk about the various plants. In each stroll with Nature one gets unmistakably more than he seeks.† †John Muir Nature doesn't just show the excellence of the Earth, however it shows the magnificence inside us. So at that point, is it difficult to state that both of these creators encapsulate extraordinary excellence? Subsequent to perusing both â€Å"Calypso Borealis,† - John Muir and â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† - William Wordsworth, I can intensely express that with their caring decision of style, tone, and utilization of language structure they unmistakably show that they really respect nature and their environmental factors. Individuals state â€Å"Nature is the best medicine.† I know precisely what they mean. In some cases, I’m feeling down on the grounds that something didn’t go right, or has sprung up in my life. After a getting a charge out of a lovely morning, outside with the nature I’m back in my correct perspective. In the event that you felt the feeling in this scene, crafted by two creators, John Muir and William Wordsworth, would surely grab your attention. â€Å"Calypso Borealis† by Muir and the sonnet â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by Wordsworth are two lovely bits of writing composed in an unexpected way, yet with key similitudes, one of them being nature. The incredible feelings inside the interesting tone and characters of the two writers not just communicated their associations with nature, it permitted the peruser to interface with the sentiments of the writer both outwardly and intellectually. At the point when you previously read these two bits of writing, you’ll wind up enamored magnificently in a graphic world. In â€Å"Calypso Borealis† Muir has an especially distinctive area where the principle character off on a journey into a bog encompassing the extraordinary lakes. Beginning his excursion, Muir is welcomed by an assorted variety of vegetation. He wonders in the plants and cheerfully absorbs natures treasures. Muir inventively educates the peruser exactly how much the fundamental character really adores nature. A similar wonder and magnificence is partaken in the sonnet â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.† After a long move over a high slope he discovers his prize a valley sparkling with a gigantic field of daffodils. â€Å"Besides the lakes, underneath the trees, rippling and moving inâ the breeze.† As Wordsworth clarifies the scene. As every scene jumps out of the sonnet, another expansion to the artwork in your psyche shows up each t ime. The artistic creation may change from individual to individual, however I accept a similar feeling of stunningness is available with each psyche. The segments refered to are only the start of these two works; enough to sprinkle your psyche with hues and feelings, however later parts are what really makes them worth perusing. â€Å"Calypso Borealis† abandons disclosure to an edgy circumstance. Fatigued and void, the fundamental character plans to go through the night in the wet bog, in a tree home. Similarly as the sun was going to set, the future truly eccentric, when â€Å"Everything appeared to be generally hazardous and discouraging†, the story proceeds, â€Å"I discovered wonderful Calypso on the overgrown bank of stream.† Overwhelmed by the immaculateness and excellence of the Calypso, he crumples by the blossom and cries. This somewhat snappy difference in pace I what kept me perusing, and the reality the Calypso was so delightful it made the primary character separate in tears. Envision finding the radiant fortune you’ve been looking for the whole time. The difference in tone from discouraging to overwhelmingly cheerful is like the sonnet â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud.† In the last refrain, when Wordsworth is perched on his lounge chair, forlorn and discouraged, he recalls the lovely scene neglecting the field of daffodils and is in a flash elevated with bliss. Wordsworth portrays it as, â€Å"In empty or in thoughtful temperament they streak upon that internal eye which is the happiness of solitude.† The wonderful difference in tones in these two works makes them a rollercoaster of feelings. In the event that you are exceptionally passionate individual, these two bits of writing will surely contact you. The sonnet â€Å"Calypso Borealis† by John Muir and the sonnet â€Å"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud† by William Wordsworth two incredible works fixated on nature that contain clear symbolism and enthusiastic changes of tone the photos in your brain are the outlines, your feelings are the story, and nature is the spread. These two works propelled by occasions in the nineteenth century are diverse in numerous regions, however not the passionate and beautiful pictures they incite.

Online Resources for Writers You Dont Want to Miss

Online Resources for Writers You Dont Want to Miss As the world transitions online, so too does the profession of writing. Writers used to find their work in newspapers, type their works mechanically, and ask friends to critique their writing. Now there are perhaps hundreds of websites for anything a writer might need to further their career. The spirit and the enjoyment of writing live on in each of them.Below are the best websites for any writer looking to build their skills, share their writing, find a new tool to help them write, and find work that they enjoy.Best websites for skill buildingQuickAndDirtyTips.com/Grammar GirlQDT covers topics in quick and refreshing posts tackling topics like grammar misconceptions and common mistakes, how to communicate effectively, and special interests like etiquette and manners. Readers can either skim the website looking for answers to their burning questions or get caught up and start listening religiously.For podcast listeners, QDT also produces the Grammar Girl podcast, which features prof essional reading of grammar tips much like what readers would find on the QDT website. Whether writers prefer binging these tips online or listening to them while doing laundry, writers can avoid grammar pitfalls while reading these short and sweet articles.Example takeaway: Usage of lay requires an object, while lie doesnt. QDT provides a chart showing the present tenses, past tenses, and past participles of each.Now NovelOf course, a fair amount of writers out there specialize in writing fiction, whatever the genre may be. Others write about the real and tangible. Each of these writers can benefit from tips from Now Novel.Now Novels main site offers a paid service that will help you write a novel, but its blog is filled with useful information and it is completely free.The stories you can find on this blog are extensive and can help you get a good start on finding story topics, writing quality story arcs, making well-developed antagonists, and even using grammar to set a pace. Wri ters may find it surprising that this blog is offered without a purchase of the service.Example takeaway: Only include humor when its effective. Terry Pratchetts Discworld included a prologue that included epic language used humorously, but only because it fit well with the rest of the book.750words.com750words.com is based entirely on the idea that practice makes perfect. It asks writers to draft 750 words, or three pages according to the site, of whatever comes to their minds. It gives users one point for writing anything, then it gives them larger point amounts for longer and more consistent writing.The site is a digitized take on morning pages, which ask writers to write frequently at the start of every day. In addition to helping writers hone their writing, morning pages also help them overcome anxiety about putting pen to paper by making it a daily routine.The description on the site explains that it is not a social network or a blog, but a way for you to write to yourself. It encourages simply initiating the writing stage of content creation, without needing to worry how the work will be received.The site also tracks your writing habits, letting you learn a bit more about your own process.Takeaway: Writing to yourself can be a kind of therapy, letting you get to know about your own anxieties on writing.Best websites for sharing your writingReddit r/writingYes, writers can even visit Reddit, a website that relies on its users, to receive valuable advice. This website can serve as a resource for many aspects of a writers career, but the ability to receive feedback, personal experiences, and writing tips alike makes Reddits r/writing community unique.R/writing functions as a community somewhat akin to social media rather than a blog from an expert. This community focus can allow writers to receive varying viewpoints on their questions and their work, if they choose to post it. There is a weekly critique segment where any user can post examples of their wor k and receive in-depth feedback.Of course, this is also a community where people can come together and appreciate writing. Users often post about their favorite authors.Takeaway: In response to a user looking to get over writers block, user mannotron posted a quote from Dan Harmon that says: My best advice about writers block is: the reason youre having a hard time writing is because of a conflict between the GOAL of writing well and the FEAR of writing badly.ScribophileScribophile is a real-deal community of writers all looking to build each others talents and share their experiences. The site boasts about 898,774 critiques served for 152,579 works. Scribophile offers both a basic and a free account for members.The site even offers a degree of copyright protection, since no one else except members of the community will be able to view your work. Scribophile also offers contests for real money. Learning materials and guides are also provided. The site is a real launchpad for someone looking to get into writing as a career.Takeaway: Scribophiles homepage offers a bit of promotion for their critiques with a quote from Kingsley Amis, If you cant annoy somebody, theres little point in writing.Best websites for starting your writingZenpenYou can go to zenpen.io right now, delete the instructions in the word processor that is presented, hit fullscreen in the top-right, and start writing. Thats it.Zenpen gives users a minimalistic word processor that supports basic text creation. After you hit fullscreen, youre greeted with practically nothing, just a word processor and no distractions. Its wonderful.According to its about text, Zenpen is simply made to get you into the zone of being able to write. Its a great way to just start writing already.Takeaway: Black text stands out on a white background.Power ThesaurusFor writers who wish to at least temporarily ignore Stephen Kings advice against thesauruses, power thesaurus is a great crowd-sourced iteration of the tool s ynonymous (or equivalent, equal, tantamount, or corresponding) with creative writing.Users simply enter a word into a familiar search bar for alternative words. The site is crowdsourced, meaning you can expect increasingly relevant results as this site goes on. After this, you can filter based on the type of word youre looking for. The site remembers every word that you search, so you can easily go back to tricky (or crafty, difficult, or cunning) words.One of the sites biggest pros is its great web design. Everything pops out to the reader and menus are easy to navigate.Takeaway: An idiom for the word resplendent is open-work silk. An expression for constitution is warp and woof.Best websites to further your career as a writerEasyBibEasybib.com may be known worldwide as a service that has helped millions of students generate automatic citations, but the site also provides easy guides that can serve as a quick and free substitute for physical MLA/APA/Chicago stylebooks.The guides pr ovide basic formatting and word usage information along with answers for special cases like making a parenthetical citation for three to five authors.Writers who hone their skills on academic citations can avoid a lot of trouble down the road when writing anything that requires crediting others work. Its a must for nonfiction writers of all sorts.Takeaway: APA style is generally used by those in the behavioral and social sciences while Chicago is most commonly used in history courses.WhoPaysWriters.comSay you want to get paid writing, as most of us do. You could simply enter some search terms into a basic job search website to find local in need of writers in your immediate area, but theres a good chance the search results will be cluttered and include a lot of less well-intentioned employers. If only there was a list of employers somewhere that included a list of all employers who will pay for writing.Those interested in this exact list can go to WhoPaysWriters.com. Spanning from 1 00 Days in Appalachia to Zymurgy Magazine, this list is as diverse as it is extensive. Users can click on any of these names to read a report on what was written for a particular user and how much they were paid. This list is a great way for writers to be selective in their searches.Takeaway: Lighting Sound America paid a user $0.32 per word for a 3000-word feature in 2017. The payment was made in two months. AARP Bulletin was also reported to pay a surprising $2.00 per word for a 200-word fob.

The At The Edge Of The Castle Training Field Essay

At the edge of the castle training field, bathed by the rays of a waning autumn sun, Percival reached for Fleur s hand as they waited for the knighting ceremony to begin. Deena and Ida, their girls, sat in the grass, vibrating with excitement. Banon lay down between them, basking in the glory of belly rubs, as the dog always did. It seemed impossible that the girls were ten and Banon was almost eleven. Hadn t they come into Percival and Fleur s life only yesterday? A cool afternoon breeze kissed Percival s face, and with that, he gazed at the sparse clouds above and recalled the past. He was almost thirty-three, and somehow, the past seemed closer than ever. So much had happened during the past decade. When Deena and Ida turned one, Percival and Gwaine, on a mission in Ismere, had been captured and forced into slavery by Morgana. That was a dark and frightening time for Percival and Gwaine, yet eventually, Merlin and King Arthur rescued them. Percival recalled his homecoming, when Fleur – carrying the twins in her arms – Rion, and Banon charged from the castle and ran to him, sobbing with joy. Rion all but pulled Percival from his horse, and Percival and his family stood outside in the downpour, reunited and grateful. He had never felt more loved than in that moment. Further, Arthur had managed to negotiate peace with King Odin, and Camelot and Cornwall had not warred in years. Regardless, there had been more dark times. Less than a year later, the epic Battle ofShow MoreRelatedShort Story1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthere would be no more Capital of Men and, most likely, no more King. â€Å"General!† Melborne shouted from the tree line. Indrid was glad to hear his voice. The medical officer had survived. He laughed at the fact that a man with no combat training had survived the bloodbath. Indrid lay there out of breath, bleeding from his head, ears, and lips. â€Å"What do we do now?† Melborne asked. Indrid looked at the men standing around him who were waiting for his response. They were all tiredRead MoreEssay on Warfare during the Renaissance1190 Words   |  5 Pages Warfare During the Renaissance Warfare did not get invented during the Renaissance, but there were some significant innovations. Feudal cavalry lost its strength of the battlefield, infantry gained in stature, states learned how to field large armies for long periods of time. Most important of all, however, was the use of gunpowder. The chief result of these innovations was that warfare once and for all was taken out of the hands of private individuals (the nobility) and was taken over by theRead MoreGawain Essay1150 Words   |  5 Pagesin this mob,† he shouted above the frenzied cheers. â€Å"There’s a gathering on the training field, a party, and our wives are there, so I’ve been told.† â€Å"Not like you were concerned or anything,† quipped Gawain. Lionel made a rude gesture, which set off another round of laughter. The roar of cheers rose and fell among the revelers lining the lane, and finally, after a substantial stretch of crawling along, the castle came into view. However, with less than half a league left to ride, the knights reachedRead MoreWhat Makes A Great Leader?1299 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher during the early 1900s. Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion. Within the choices we make on an everyday basis, it is imperative to use what we know and have gained through social experiences to complete the possibilities of our â€Å"castle in the air†. For this will make and shape our own destiny, to the top of our zenith. Desire, time management, and caution are what make a great leader. An entrepreneur is someone who is innovative, well determined, and hardworking. Even if one mayRead MoreWhat Makes A Great Leader?1375 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher during the early 1900s. Everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion. Within the choices we make on an everyday basis, it is imperative to use what we know and have gained through social experiences to complete the possibilities of our â€Å"castle in the air†. For this will make and shape our own destiny, to the top of our zenith. Desire, time management, and caution are what makes a great leader. An entrepreneur is someone who is innovative, well determined, and hardworking. Even if one mayRead MoreThe Dark Side Of The Movie Blue Gray 1656 Words   |  7 PagesThe barely perceptible sound of the blunted edge on the hardened steel slicing through the air was music to his ears. The feel of the hilt across the palm of his hand and the brush of the pommel against the edges as he allowed the sword to swing freely in his grip while his fingers shifted to keep perfect control, was marvelous. The weight of the mail on his shoulders, the firm and supple padding underneath, down to very leather that had been worked, broken and molded to the contours of the archesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Ghost 2676 Words   |  11 PagesWoken up from my restful slumber, I relive that nightmare. She s the ghost, the apparition, the questionable spirit that haunts me both when I m asleep and awake. I stumble out of bed, grabbing a nearby torch, and wiping the sleep from my face. My castle is silent and damp tonight. Nearly too quiet for my own comfort. I still feel unsettled, as the thought of an attack runs rampant in my head. I try to calm myself by pacing around my bed, but the rug is ever so slightly damp from the humidity, andRead MoreTaking Initiative As A Medic2034 Words   |  9 Pagesto be the assistant surgeon for the entire 52nd Ohio Infantry. Eventually after treating an amputation of a Confederate, with a Confederate surgeon, she was captured by the Confederates on 10April1864 and held as a prisoner. She was held at the Castle Thunder in Richmond Virginia. A prisoner exchange on 12August1864 for a Confederate surgeon brought her back to the Union. Mrs. Walker is far from the only medic to receive the Medal of Honor. The list of medical personnel who have received theRead MoreMarketing Strategies of Mcdonalds3677 Words   |  15 PagesMcDonald’s opens in India, the 95th country Business Model ïÆ'Ëœ Franchise Model – Only 15% of the total number of restaurants are owned by the Company. The remaining 85% is operated by franchises. The company follows a comprehensive framework of training and monitoring of its franchises to ensure that they adhere to the Quality, Service, Cleanliness and Value propositions offered by the company to its customers. ïÆ'Ëœ Product Consistency – By developing a sophisticated supplier networked operation Read MoreMechanical Engineering Career Paper7307 Words   |  30 Pages a need for mechanical engineers will always be on the uplift. Many mechanical engineers â€Å"research, design, develop, manufacture, and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices.† (Bureau, 4). This branch, within the engineering field, happens to be the broadest category. Mechanical engineers are seen throughout all aspects of life, from agricultural production to maintenance of engines of cars and machines. With mechanical engineering, most people will be stationed in an office

QuaiyumExplore how Steinbeck presents the theme of power...

Wednesday 21st November 2012 Quaiyum Miah Explore how Steinbeck presents the theme of power and powerlessness in the relationships between characters in ‘Of Mice and Men’. Focus on the events in chapter 4. The theme of power and powerlessness in chapter 4 of ‘Mice and Men’ is presented by Steinbeck in various ways. For example power is displayed though imagery, characterisation and dialogue. The main theme of power in Steinbeck’s novella includes seduction, physical strength and maintenance of hierarchy. The power of seduction is bestowed upon Curley’s wife as she is the only women on the ranch. The power of strength flourishes in Lennie (who is somewhat of a simpleton and very†¦show more content†¦(Except that Slim contradicts this view seeing as he has allocated himself as an associate of Crooks). As we journey through the narrative of chapter 4, we see that the power of physical strength thrives in Lennie. The way that Lennie is introduced into chapter 4 by Steinbeck displays a remarkable theory of power in 1930s America. ‘Noiselessly Lennie appeared in the open door way and stood there looking in, his big shoulders nearly filling the opening.’ This suggests that Lennie, who is a newcomer, is almost on the same level of power as Cooks. I can say this because the word Steinbeck uses is ‘nearly’ The imagery triggered from that word builds up an impression in the reader’s mind that Lennie who is not greatly respected, is almost on the same hierarchy level as Crooks (even though he has been at the ranch a short time.) Thus displays that in the 1930s America black people were endanger at work of fraudulent respect due to the harsh racism towards them. Such that a newcomer could just waltz in and easily gain the same respect as â€Å"coloured† person, being on the same equality as a black person even though the black person may be an experienced worker. It seems as though Steinbeck indirectly wants us to know that in 1930s America power for black people weren’t as abundant as white people (such as Slim). We know that in the 1930s America black people encountered hardship and did not get the

Home Away From Home Free Essays

Each small step it took to move into my new home meant bigger and brighter responsibilities. From the drive down to IPFW to when I laid my head down to sleep was a positive moment that changed my life. This transition was the beginning of a new chapter in my life that I was proud to accomplish. We will write a custom essay sample on Home Away From Home or any similar topic only for you Order Now Getting to this stage in my life I have yet to step foot in what was in store for my future. The morning of August 19th only a yawn away, anxiety ran through my body like a strike of lightening. I was feeling so many emotions I was not sure how to express how excited I was to be moving into an entirely new environment. As I prepared for the big move I also felt a sense of sadness in the air, here I was my mother’s only girl leaving off for college. While reviewing my old room checking just to see if everything was set I found myself sitting on the corner of the sheet less bed reminiscing on the good and bad memorize I held behind the walls of this house. I found it ironic that even though this place was so hard to forget it was easy to let go. As the road trip begun I realized that this was it, and there was no turning back. Everyone was saying their goodbyes even though they realize that it was not forever. The van was packed to its maximum, and the ride was roughly two hours away. I had to cease the moment and go to sleep or at least attempt to get some rest. I sat and watched cars pass by and I felt the stretch of distance from home I was becoming, I wondered if any of the cars I saw were headed to the same place as I was. I can honestly say that this day did not go according to plan. There was an issue that occurred of whether or not I was staying in my assigned room or moving into another, so part of the day was a little stressful. At the same time I could not let it get to me and effect what I had to get accomplished for the remainder of the day. In the mist of all that commotion I realize that life is full of obstacles waiting to hit you as soon as you turn the page of a chapter in your life. It is up to you if you allow something to hinder your goals and success. Entering the home of IPFW I was waiting to feel welcomed, like I was home again, but deep down I knew that it was not time to feel at home when I did not have the keys to my room. All kinds of thoughts began to run through my head because in a matter of hours I would be on my own to take care of myself. During the next couple hours I started to feel independent because I had keys to my dorm. As I walked up to the door my mom had a video camera watching me put in my key for the first time. It tickled me a little to know that this moment was just as big to her as it was to me. We began to bring in my belongings, boxes already labeled to where they belonged. I was so thankful to have some of my family there to help me unpack and it gave us more time to spend with each other before they left on their journey back to South Bend. The more it became closer for me to be alone the more I thought about how I never had this much responsibility handed to me at one time. At this time I began to feel overwhelmed, but I did not panic and become all worked up about the situation. There was no room for mistakes, even though I truly knew that I was going to make a lot of them. Getting to know a place was another task that would add on my experience. Later on we took a small trip to do some more last minute shopping for food. As the times go by, I realize that in a matter of time there will be no more running to my parents for help; because there was only me. I knew that from here on out that I had to build myself confidence and take on my own responsibilities. At this moment I am still absorbing the fact that I am going to be on my own. As the seconds go by I am becoming more comfortable with the fact that I have me, myself, and I to depend on for the rest of my life starting when my family walk out the doors of my dorm room. When I was here alone finishing up the last touches of my room and new home, I waited for my roommate to arrive. I was very glad that I knew her previous to coming down to Fort Wayne. As soon as we both ended our goodbyes with our families we just took a second to soak in our new life. I realize that soon the weekend would come to an end and class would begin, all fun and games will have to be set aside. Before I could do that, for one small moment I had to just prance around and jump on my bed. I did not really have a valid reason to why, but I felt the urge to express myself in a goofy manner. Once again I found myself sitting on the corner of the bed thinking about the future this time, and what it took for me to get there. This moment that lasted throughout the course of the day was a step that I was ready to take, but yet not sure where it would take me. Starting from that day my life would never be the same. Each day was all about survival on my own. I knew in order from me to make it through college I had to become socially active with my peers and life around campus. I take this moment and look at the negative and turn it into a positive because without negativity I do not think that we would able to appreciate the values of positivity. From that period on I have to rely on myself to fix my next meal, wake myself and be prepared for my next class. There is no room for dwelling on the past and wishing for what i do not have because it is not going to help me when it is not present. This moment set me up for a new beginning of my life and career. Decisions waiting to be made of the unknown. From this point I was an independent adult and no longer living under rules that I had to ask permission. The way I see it is I am free! When the day was finally complete I rested my head on the pillow and prepare for the following day. This moment help me become the person that I am today, someone that is driven to improve my abilities to better my skills and accomplish way more then what my eyes can envision. How to cite Home Away From Home, Essay examples

Tattoos free essay sample

In our society there are different types of people, each with their own characteristics and opinions. But when it comes to jobs, your appearance plays a larger role in getting a job than your CV does. Some employers believe that a person with tattoos and piercings, cannot be taken seriously in the workplace, and are ‘delinquents’, or ‘risky’ in the line of business. Although other employers believe judging someone by their tattoos, or piercings is the same as being racist, it all depends on the type of person you are, what personality you have, and your ideas of art. Although many years ago having tattoos may have been a sign in gang activity, it is far from that now. Now it is normal to see a person on the street with a tattoo, and not think anything of it. Years ago people may have thought it was sinful, and although that thought has faded, it is still a very prominent opinion for employers. We will write a custom essay sample on Tattoos or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page People continue to judge others based on their looks, their clothes, their haircuts, their choice in life partners and their choices in body art, that’s a simple fact of life, everywhere you go there will always be people who judge you, but that doesn’t make it right. People in this day and age should not be judged, for their choice in clothing, or for their choice in life partners, simply because that’s exactly what it is, their choice, as is the tattoos and piercings some people may get. One person stated, â€Å"I think tattoos and piercings are a personal decision and if someone wants to tattoo or pierce, it’s completely up to them and if they don’t it shouldn’t affect their judgement on people who do have them. † And when this person was asked if they believed people should not be allowed to work because of it, they said, â€Å"No, but I wouldn’t be a fan of extreme tattoo and piercings. I think it’s nice to be able to see a person’s face, but that’s just my own personal opinion. If somebody else has a different opinion and wants to tattoo their whole face, that’s their choice, and who am I to judge them. † Another said, â€Å"They are a personal choice, but I think age would also come in to it, that a person needs to be of age to know what they’re doing because it’s a permanent thing, and could regret t later. And also I don’t like extremes of anything, so personally I don’t like a lot of body tattooing or body piercing, but it’s a personal choice. And when asked  if it should effect someone’s chance at a job they responded, â€Å"It depends on the job for one, but in society in general it’s not approved for occupation. Because I don’t like extreme, I wouldn’t think somebody- it gives a bad image if there is a lot of tattoos or piercing and people may not be taken seriously, it’s just how it is, and that’s my opinion. † Both interviewers had different opinions, neither of which can be judged because it is their opinion. In the same way no one person can be judged for the way they mark their bodies, as it is their art on their bodies. For all companies in Ireland, there is an allowance to state that any and all excessive piercings be removed in the workplace, as well as all tattoos be hidden. Employers are not discriminating against their employers for doing this, no matter how unfair it may seem to someone who has tattoos and piercings, it is in fact completely allowed. And often if someone with excessive piercings and tattoos does manage to get a job with a company, it is unlikely they will ever be promoted, due to this.

Free speech on the Internet Essay Example

Free speech on the Internet Essay Example Free speech on the Internet Essay Free speech on the Internet Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: : Free speech on the Internet Free speech pertains to the ability to present one’s views without opposition or recrimination. The freedom of a people the world over is measured by the ability to speak and present one’s ideas freely. Free speech includes presenting views in different media including utterances, print, and visual media. The Internet has enabled people to utilize these media to a point of contention. The cause of disagreement about this matter lies in how people use their freedom to express themselves freely on the internet. Some use this freedom in a manner considered unethical or even dangerous in some instances and have requested that such content should be censored to protect society’s moral fabric. On the other hand, others believe that free speech should not be monitored as it creates a double standard in what is supposed to be a freedom. The internet is worth more than the world is ready to lose, but certain freedoms with regard to speech have to be restricted to protect society from the negative content it propagates. The negative aspects of the internet content are creating a boundless society that with no chance of ever repairing the damage. The internet exposes people who use the internet to pornography, hate speech, lewd material and other similar items. There are several reasons as to why such material should not be loosely availed on the internet. Take pornography as an example. There is no way of stopping a young child who does not know any better from visiting websites with such content, or even stopping them from creating a sex chat profile where they are in danger of having an encounter with sexual predators. Hate speech has been used in the past incite people to engage in violent activities that led to the loss of innocent lives. The internet has been used by people with extremist ideology that have caused havoc in the world. In a society that materially uses the internet, it is necessary for the content to be monitored to sift through what is correct and what is unacceptable. Children today consider the internet an essential aspect of their lives. This means that the internet plays a major role in the socialization process of children. The more they use the internet, the more likely they are to come across such content. Parents, teachers and relevant stakeholders cannot keep a constant watch on how children make use of the internet. It would be tragic for a young, impressionable mind to be socialized in the spirit of hate. In a country that values peace and service to man and country, it is not a guarantee that these same lessons in values are offered on the internet. It would take a long time to determine the advantage the internet has offered to the world, but I could say the same for the bad. The argument here is not to put a stop to free speech, but rather, that the questionable content should be put of the internet. It is understandable that the internet is an easier source of information and other content, but if someone feels the need to get pornographic material, it is better, they get it in person where the provider ascertains the age of the buyer. The logic behind free speech based on this argument presents a double standard, that people are free to express view just not certain views. This is unfortunate, but it is unavoidable. There are those who have misconstrued the right to free speech and taken advantage of this to incite people to harm each other and take advantage of young minds’ curiosity and innocence. The internet is perhaps the best thing to have happened to the world in terms of technological advancement; however, we need to control the menace it presents to the society.

Why Batteries Discharge More Quickly in Cold Weather

Why Batteries Discharge More Quickly in Cold Weather If you live in a place that gets a cold winter, you know to keep jumper cables in your car because theres a good chance you or someone you know will have a dead battery. If you use your phone or camera in really cold weather, its battery life drops, too. Why do batteries discharge more quickly in cold weather? Key Takeaways: Why Batteries Lose Charge When It's Cold How long batteries hold their charge and how quickly they discharge when used depends on battery design and temperature.Cool batteries hold a charge longer than warm batteries. Cold batteries discharge faster than hot batteries.Most batteries can be damaged by excessive temperature and may ignite or explode if its too hot.Refrigerating charged batteries may help them hold their charge, but its best to use the batteries near room temperature to ensure they last as long as possible. The Effect of Temperature on Batteries The electric current generated by a battery is produced when a connection is made between its positive and negative terminals. When the terminals are connected, a chemical reaction is initiated that generates electrons to supply the current of the battery. Lowering the ambient temperature causes chemical reactions to proceed more slowly, so a battery used at a low temperature produces less current than at a higher temperature. As cold batteries run down they quickly reach the point where they cannot deliver enough current to keep up with the demand. If the battery is warmed up again it will operate normally. One solution to this problem is to make certain batteries are warm just prior to use. Preheating batteries is not unusual for certain situations. Automotive batteries are protected somewhat if a vehicle is in a garage, although trickle chargers (aka battery maintainers) may be needed if the temperature is very low. If the battery is already warm and insulated, it may make sense to use the batterys own power to operate a heating coil. Keep smaller batteries in a pocket. It is reasonable to have batteries warm for use, but the discharge curve for most batteries is more dependent on battery design and chemistry than on temperature. This means that if the current drawn by the equipment is low in relation to the power rating of the cell, then the effect of temperature may be negligible. On the other hand, when a battery is not in use, it will slowly lose its charge as a result of leakage between the terminals. This chemical reaction is also temperature dependent, so unused batteries will lose their charge more slowly at cooler temperatures than at warmer temperatures. For example, certain rechargeable batteries may go flat in approximately two weeks at normal room temperature, but may last more than twice as long if refrigerated. Bottom Line on the Effect of Temperature on Batteries Cold batteries hold their charge longer than room temperature batteries; hot batteries dont hold charge as well as room temperature or cold batteries. Its good practice to store unused batteries in a cool location.Cold batteries discharge faster than warmer batteries, so if youre using a cold battery, keep a warm one in reserve. If batteries are small, keeping them in a jacket pocket is usually good enough.Some types of batteries are adversely affected by high temperatures. A runaway effect can occur, potentially leading to a fire or explosion. This is commonly seen in lithium batteries, such as you might find in a laptop or cell phone.

Critical Analysis of Andre Dubu's The Curse Essay

Critical Analysis of Andre Dubu's The Curse - Essay Example However, he continues to be remorseful and is overcome by self-doubt. He keeps thinking that he should have done something to stop the rape. His words, â€Å"I should have stopped it. I think I could have stopped it† highlight his feelings at that time. The central idea of the story is that man himself has to define what is right and honorable. One cannot always make the right choice between right and wrong. Sometimes one ends up making a safe decision in the name of right decision and this choice may become difficult to live with. This is exactly what happens to Mitchell in this story. The story revolves round the struggle the hero goes through as he tries to perceive the difference between doing the right thing, not being able to do the right thing and not doing anything. Andre Dubus uses an unconventional plot and places his characters in real life situations to explore his theme.. In this story like many of his other stories all his characters are well-meaning characters. They face situations that challenge their beliefs and face ethical questions such as self-interest, duty, truth, etc. The main character of the story is Mitchell. The story revolves around him and at the end of the story he is transformed from a carefree man into a man consumed by remorse and guilt. He feels old at the end of it all. Dubus describes his condition thus: â€Å"He did not know what it was like to be very old †¦ but he assumed it was like this: fatigue beyond relieving by rest, by sleep.† (Andre Dubus). Was Mitchell right in not doing anything? There are many factors to be taken into consideration if one had to decide whether Mitchell was right or wrong in not doing anything to stop the rape. Factors such as moral values of a person, the element of risk an d one’s natural instincts have to be considered. But in the end it is the given situation which determines how we act. In Mitchell’s case the situation was such that "doing the right

Group Project 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Group Project 2 - Essay Example It is the role of the appropriate staff to take steps to correct a problem and to prevent a recurrence through implementation of the recommendations arising from investigation. Once the incident is detected, it should be assessed, categorized, prioritized, and queued for appropriate action. After that, a research should be conducted about the incident; on what had happened and who has been affected, etc. Incidence response requires taking necessary actions, to resolve the issue, by doing all that is necessary (Reilly, 2003). CERT receives an incident report through the incident handling system via various means of communication such as a phone call, walk-in reports, e-mail, fax and websites among others. The team usually consolidates the reporting channels, especially using the e-mail. The system formally registers the report by linking it to some Alphanumerical reference to enable easy management in the future. The system should be protected against spam and implementing pre-filtering mechanisms. An incident should then be verified and classified according to the information on the report. The incidents vary in severity (very high include DDoS, high include Trojan distribution and normal include spam). An incident should then be assigned to an incident handler. Incident resolution is administered next, towards realizing the desired result. Data is collected from those affected; through the exchange of ideas, some of those that are concrete and practical enough to be implemented are set for the different parties (Reilly,

Cleopatras Beauty Essay -- Egypt History Papers

Cleopatra's Beauty Was Cleopatra beautiful? This is a seemingly straightforward question but there are many characteristics of beauty and all must be considered when applied to Cleopatra. Firstly, what is beauty? Beauty is different for every person and every time period. The old saying that beauty is in the eye of the beholder remains truthful today. It is not only the person that dictates what is beautiful; the time period during which beauty is portrayed must be taken into account as well. The aesthetic ideal of the Renaissance is quite different from that of today's typical "beauty." When applying these questions to Cleopatra, the only way to judge her beauty is by the works in which she is depicted. One obvious obstacle with this judgment is that everyone creates his or her works during different time periods. Another problem with the depiction of Cleopatra's beauty is the artist's hidden agenda. Every artist that depicts Cleopatra has a reason for portraying her in the way that they do, weather i t be to show what a woman should not be or to promote anti-orientalism. The only concrete proof of Cleopatra's appearance is the marble statues and the coins that bear her face. Are these even the real Cleopatra? The real Cleopatra's beauty is a mix between physical beauty and actual beauty. Actual beauty can be defined as the interaction of personality and sensuality with the external. Cleopatra is lauded for her beauty but this beauty is, in fact, actual beauty. Would we consider Cleopatra beautiful in this day and age? I say no. Perhaps if we knew her and were ensnared by her legendary charms, she would be beautiful to us but one must decipher her personality before discovering her actual beauty. PHYSICAL BEAUTY Physica... ...100 C.E.]. Trans. Sir Thomas North (1579). Ed. Geoffrey Bullough, Narrative and Dramatic Sources of Shakespeare. Vol. V. Columbia UP, 1964. Pomeroy, Sarah B. Goddesses, Whores, Wives, and Slaves: Women in Classical Antiquity. New York: Schocken Books, 1995. Pomeroy, Sarah B. Women in Hellenistic Egypt: From Alexander to Cleopatra. New York: Schocken Books, 1984. Roddam, Frank. Cleopatra [Leonor Varela]. ABC, 1999. Shakespeare, William. Anthony and Cleopatra [1608]. Ed. Michael Neill. Oxford UP, 1994. Sidney, Mary. "The Tragedy of Antonie." In Renaissance Drama By Women: Texts and documents, Ed. S.P. Cerasano and Marion Wynne-Davies, 19-42. New York: Routledge, 1992. The Real Cleopatra: Cleopatra's Palace. Discovery, 1999. Wolf, Naomi. The Beauty Myth: How Images of Beauty Are Used Against Women. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc., 1991.

Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space

The Benefits of Parks: Why America Needs More City Parks and Open Space BY Paul M. Sheerer Published by: 116 New Montgomery Street Fourth Floor San Francisco, CA 94105 (415) 495-4014 www. Tip. Org 02006 the Trust for Public Land – Reprint of â€Å"Parks for People† white paper, published In 2003. Table of Contents Forward: Will Rogers, President, Trust for Public Land 5 Executive Summary 6 America Needs More City Parks U. S. Cities Are Park-Poor Low-Income Neighborhoods Are Desperately Short of Park Space Case Study: New Parks for Los Angles The Public Wants More Parks 8History of America's City Parks: Inspiration, Abandonment, Revival The Decline of City Parks A Revival Begins Budget Crises Threaten City Parks 10 Public Health Benefits of City Parks and Open Space America's Twin Plagues: Physical Inactivity and Obesity Access to Parks Increases Frequency of Exercise Exposure to Nature and Greenery Makes People Healthier 12 Economic Benefits of Parks 14 Increased Proper ty Values Property Values in Low-Income Urban Areas Property Values at the Edges of Urban Areas Effects on Commercial Property Values Economic Revitalization: Attracting and Retaining Businesses and Residents TourismBenefits Environmental Benefits of Parks Pollution Abatement and Cooling Controlling Stemware Runoff 17 Social Benefits of Parks Reducing Crime Recreation Opportunities: The Importance of Play Creating Stable Neighborhoods with Strong Community 18 Conclusion 20 Notes 21 Bibliography 24 3 Forward At the turn of the 20th century, the majority of Americans lived in rural areas and small towns, relatively close to the land. At the beginning of the 21st century, 85 desperate need of places to experience nature and refresh ourselves in the out-of- doors.The emergence of America as an urban nation was anticipated by Frederick Law Limited and other 19th-century park visionaries, who gave us New Work's Central Park, San Franciscans Golden Gate Park, and similar grand parks in cit ies across the nation. They were gardeners and designers-but also preachers for the power of parks, fired from within by the understanding that they were shaping the quality of American lives for generations to come. In the view of these park visionaries, parks were not â€Å"amenities. They were necessities, providing recreation, inspiration, and essential respite from the city blare and bustle. And the visionaries were particularly concerned that parks be available to all of a city residents-especially those who did not have the resources to escape to the countryside. As population shifted to the suburbs after World War II, this vision of parks for all faded. Many cities lost the resources to create new parks. And in the new suburbs, the sprawling landscapes of curving CUL-De-sacs were broken mostly by boxy shopping centers and concrete parking lots.The time has come for Americans to rededicate themselves to the vision of parks for all the nation's people. As the action's leading conservation group creating parks in and around cities, the Trust for Public Land (TIP) has launched its Parks for People initiative in the belief that every American child should enjoy convenient access to a nearby park or playground. This white paper outlines how desperate the need is for city parks-especially in inner-city neighborhoods. And it goes on to describe the social, environmental, economic, and health benefits parks bring to a city and its people.TIP hopes this paper will generate discussion about the need for parks, prompt new research on the benefits f parks to cities, and serve as a reference for government leaders and volunteers as they make the case that parks are essential to the health and well-being of all Americans. You will find more information about the need for city parks and their benefits in the Parks for People section of Tap's Web site (www. Tip. Org/poor) where you can also sign-up for Parks for People information and support Tap's Parks for People wo rk.TIP is proud to be highlighting the need for parks in America's cities. Thanks for Joining our effort to ensure a park within reach of every American home. Will Rogers President, the Trust for Public Land City parks and open space improve our physical and psychological health, strengthen our communities, and make our cities and neighborhoods more attractive places to live and work. But too few Americans are able to enjoy these benefits. Eighty percent of Americans live in metropolitan areas, and many of these areas are severely lacking in park space.Only 30 percent of Los Angles residents live within walking distance mile. Low-income neighborhoods populated by minorities and recent immigrants are especially short of park space. From an equity standpoint, there is a strong need to redress this imbalance. In Los Angles, white neighborhoods enjoy 31. 8 acres of park space for every 1,000 people, compared with 1. 7 acres in African-American neighborhoods and 0. 6 acres in Latino neig hborhoods. This inequitable distribution of park space harms the residents of these communities and creates substantial costs for the nation as a whole.U. S. Voters have repeatedly shown their willingness to raise their own taxes to pay for new or improved parks. In 2002, 189 conservation funding measures appeared on ballots in 28 states. Voters approved three-quarters of these, generating $10 billion in conservation-related funding. Many of the nation's great city parks were built in the second half of the 19th century. Urban planners believed the parks would improve public health, relieve the stresses of urban life, and create a demonstrating public space where rich and poor would mix on equal terms.By the mid-20th century, city parks fell into decline as people fled inner cities for the suburbs. The suburbs fared no better, as people believed that backyards would meet the requirement for public open space. Over the past couple of decades, interest in city parks has revived. Gover nments and civic groups around the country have revalidated run-down city parks, built greengages along rivers, converted abandoned railroad lines to trails, and planted community gardens in vacant lots.But with the current economic downturn, states and cities facing severe budget crises are slashing their park spending, threatening the health of existing parks, and curtailing the creation of new parks. Strong evidence shows that when people have access to parks, they exercise more. Regular physical activity as been shown to increase health and reduce the risk of a wide range of diseases, including heart disease, hypertension, colon cancer, and diabetes. Physical activity also relieves symptoms of depression and anxiety, improves mood, and enhances psychological well-being.Beyond the benefits of exercise, a growing body of research shows that contact with the natural world improves physical and psychological health. Despite the importance of exercise, only 25 percent of American adu lts engage in the recommended levels of physical activity, and 29 percent engage in no leisure-time physical activity. The sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet of Americans have produced an epidemic of obesity. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has called for the creation of more parks and playgrounds to help fight this epidemic.Numerous studies have shown that parks and open space increase the value of neighboring residential property. Growing evidence points to a similar benefit on commercial property value. The availability of park and recreation facilities is an important quality-of-life factor for corporations choosing where to locate facilities and for well-educated individuals choosing a place to live. City parks such as San Notation's Riverview Park often become important tourism draws, contributing heavily Green space in urban areas provides substantial environmental benefits.Trees reduce air pollution and water pollution, they help keep cities cooler, and th ey are a more effective and less expensive way to manage stemware runoff than building systems of concrete sewers and drainage ditches. City parks also produce important social and community development benefits. They make inner-city neighborhoods more livable; they offer recreational opportunities for at-risk youth, low-income children, and low-income families; and they provide places n low-income neighborhoods where people can feel a sense of community.Access to public parks and recreational facilities has been strongly linked to reductions in crime and in particular to reduced Juvenile delinquency. Community gardens increase residents' sense of community ownership and stewardship, provide a focus for neighborhood activities, expose inner-city youth to nature, connect people from diverse cultures, reduce crime by cleaning up vacant lots, and build community leaders. In light of these benefits, the Trust for Public Land calls for a revival of the city parks movement of the late 19t h century.We invite all Americans to Join the effort to bring parks, open spaces, and greengages into the nation's neighborhoods where everyone can benefit from them. 7 The residents of many U. S. Cities lack adequate access to parks and open space near their homes. In 2000, 80 percent of Americans were living in metropolitan areas, up from 48 percent in 1940. 1 The park space in many of these metropolitan areas is grossly inadequate. In Atlanta, for example, parkland covers only 3. 8 percent of the city area.Atlanta has no public green space larger than one-third of a square mile. 2 The city has only 7. Acres of park space for every 1,000 residents, compared with a 19. 1 acre average for other medium-low population density cities. 3 The story is much the same in Los Angles, San Jose, New Orleans, and Dallas. Even in cities that have substantial park space as a whole, the residents of many neighborhoods lack access to nearby parks. In New York City, for example, nearly half of the c ity 59 community board districts have less than 1. 5 acres of parkland per 1,000 residents. Low-Income Neighborhoods Are Desperately Short of Park Space Low-income neighborhoods populated by minorities and recent immigrants are especially short f park space. Minorities and the poor have historically been shunted off to live on the wrong side of the tracks, in paved-over, industrialized areas with few public amenities. From an equity standpoint, there is a strong need to redress this imbalance. In Los Angles, white neighborhoods (where whites make up 75 percent or more of the residents) boast 31. 8 acres of park space for every 1,000 people, compared with 1. 7 acres in African-American neighborhoods and 0. Acres in Latino neighborhoods. 5 This inequitable distribution of park space harms the residents of are costs alone are potentially enormous. Lacking places for recreation, minorities and low-income individuals are significantly less likely than whites and high-income individuals t o engage in the regular physical activity that is crucial to good health. Among non-Hispanic white adults in the United States, 34. 9 percent engage in regular leisure-time physical activity, compared with only 25. 4 percent of non- Hispanic black adults and 22. 7 percent of Hispanic adults. And adults with incomes below the poverty level are three times as likely as high-income adults to never be physically active. Even where the government or voters have allocated new money for park acquisition, there is significant risk that wealthier and better-organized districts will grab more than their fair share. The Los Angles neighborhood of South Central-with the city second-highest prove- The Trust for Public Land TTY rate, highest share of children, and lowest access to nearby park space-received only about half as much per-child parks funding as affluent West Los Angles from Proposition K between 1998 and 2000. Case Study: New Parks for Los Angles With 28,000 people crammed into its o ne square mile of low-rise buildings, the city f Manhood in Los Angles County is the most densely populated U. S. City outside the New York City metropolitan area. 10 Its residents-96 percent are Hispanic and 37 percent are children-are often packed five to a bedroom, with entire families living in garages and beds being used on a time-share basis. The Trust for Public Land (TIP) has been working in Manhood since 1996 to purchase, assemble, and convert six separate former industrial sites into a seven-acre riverside park.The project will double Manhood's park space. 11 Before TIP began its work, the future park site was occupied by abandoned arouses and industrial buildings, covered in garbage, graffiti, rusted metal, and barrels of industrial waste. Until the late asses, the parcels contained a glue factory, a transfer facility for solvents, and a truck service facility; one parcel was designated an Environmental Protection Agency Superfine site. 12 TIP is preparing to acquire the final parcel and has developed preliminary designs for the site.The completed park will invite Manhood's residents to gather at its picnic benches, stroll its walking trails, relax on its lawns, and play with their children in its tot lot. The Manhood project is a precursor of Tap's Parks for People-Los Angles program, an ambitious new effort to create parks where they are most desperately needed. The case for more parks in Los Angles is among the most compelling of any American city today. Only 30 percent of its residents live within a quarter mile of a park, compared with between 80 percent and 90 percent in Boston and New York, respectively. 3 If these residents are Latino, African American, or Asian Pacific, they have even less access to green space. TIP has set a goal of creating 25 new open space projects in Los Angles over the would be invested in undeserved minority communities. To accomplish this goal, TIP will help these communities through the gauntlets of public and priv ate fundraising, real estate transactions, strategic planning, and stewardship issues. Los Angles is also the site of Tap's first application of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to assess the need for parks.TIP launched the GIS program in late 2001 in Los 9 O The Trust for Public Land Angles and has since expanded the program to New York, Lass Vegas, Boston, Charlotte, Miami, and Camden and Newark, New Jersey. Tap's GIS system uses census, anemographic and other data to map out areas of high population, concentrated poverty, and lack of access to park space. With GIS technology, TIP can now pinpoint the areas of fastest population growth, study landownership patterns, and acquire key parcels before development demand drives up property prices or destroys open space.Further, GIS helps TIP create contiguous park space, protecting natural habitats and connecting larger parks with linear greengages, rather than create a patchwork quilt of open space. 14 Voters have repeatedly show n their willingness to raise their own taxes to pay for new or improved parks. In the November 2002 elections, voters in 93 communities in 22 states approved ballot measures that committed $2. 9 billion to acquire and restore land for parks and open space.Voters approved 85 percent of such referendums in these elections. 1 5 Voter support in 2002 increased from the already strong 75 percent approval rate for similar measures in November 2001. 16 History of America's City Parks: Inspiration, Abandonment, Revival During the second half of the 19th century, American cities built grand city parks to improve their residents' quality of life. Dubbed 19th-century pleasure grounds by ark historians, the parks include New Work's Central Park and San Franciscans Golden Gate Park.Municipal officials of the time saw these parks as a refuge from the crowded, polluted, stressful cities-places where citizens could experience fresh air, sunshine, and the spiritually transforming power of nature; a place for recreation; and a demonstrating public space where rich and poor would mix on equal terms. The new parks were inspired by â€Å"an anti-urban ideal that dwelt on the traditional prescription for relief from the evils of the city-to escape to the country,† Galen Crane writes.The new American parks thus were conceived as great pleasure grounds meant to be pieces of the country, with fresh air, meadows, lakes, and sunshine right in the city. † 17 The Decline of City Parks spending on city parks declined. The well-to-do and white abandoned the cities for the suburbs, taking public funding with them. Cities and their parks fell into a spiral of decay. Cities cut park maintenance funds, parks deteriorated, and crime rose; many city dwellers came to view places like Central Park as too dangerous to visit. 18 The suburbs that mushroomed at the edges of major cities were often built with little public park space.For residents of these areas, a trip out of the house mea ns a drive to the shopping mall. Beginning around 1990, many city and town councils began forcing developers to add open space to their projects. Still, these open spaces are often effectively off-limits to the general public; in the vast sprawl around Lass Vegas, for example, the newer subdivisions often have open space at their centers, but these spaces are hidden inside a labyrinth of winding streets. Residents of older, low- and middle-income neighborhoods have to get in their cars (if they have one) and drive to find recreation space. 9 More recently, city parks have experienced something of a renaissance which has benefited cities unequally. The trend began in the asses and flourished in the asses as part of a general renewal of urban areas funded by a strong economy. It coincided with a philosophical shift in urban planning away from designing around the automobile and a backlash against the alienating modernism of mid-20th-century public architecture, in favor of public spac es that welcome and engage the community in general and the pedestrian in particular.Government authorities, civic groups, and private agencies around the country have worked together to revivalist UN-down city parks, build greengages along formerly polluted rivers, convert abandoned railroad lines to trails, and plant community gardens in vacant lots. The Park at Post Office Square in Boston shows how even a small but well-designed open space can transform its surroundings. Before work on the park began in the late asses, the square was filled by an exceptionally ugly concrete parking garage, blighting an important part of the financial district.Many buildings on the square shifted their entrances and addresses to other streets not facing the square. 20 Completed in 1992, the 1. -acre park is considered one of the most beautiful city parks in the United States. Its immaculate landscaping-with 125 species of plants, flowers, bushes, and trees-its half-acre lawn, its fountains, and i ts teak and granite benches lure throngs of workers during lunchtime on warm days.Hidden underneath is a seven-floor parking garage for 1,400 cars, which provides financial support for the park. 21 â€Å"It clearly, without any question, has enhanced and changed the entire neighborhood,† says Serge Denis, managing director of Lee Meridian Hotel Boston, which borders the park. â€Å"It's absolutely gorgeous. Not surprisingly, rooms 11 Yet despite such success stories, local communities often lack the transactional and development skills to effectively acquire property and convert it into park space.TIP serves a vital role in this capacity, working closely with local governments and community residents to determine where parks are needed; to help develop funding strategies; to negotiate and acquire property; to plan the park and develop it; and finally, to turn it over to the public. Between 1971 and 2002, the Trust for Public Land's work in cities resulted in the acquisition of 532 properties totaling 40,754 cress. In the nation's 50 largest cities TIP acquired 138 properties totaling 7,640 acres. 3 In the wake of the bursting of the economic bubble of the late asses, states and cities facing severe budget crises are slashing their park spending. With a projected $2. 4 billion budget shortfall in the two-year period beginning July 2003, Minnesota has cut its aid to local governments, hurting city park systems across the state. The Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board, confronting a 20 percent cut in its funding through 2004, has been forced to respond by deferring maintenance, closing wading lolls and beaches, providing fewer portable toilets, and reducing its mounted police patrol program.The required program cuts â€Å"represent a huge loss to the Minneapolis Park & Recreation Board and to the children of Minneapolis,† says Park Board Superintendent Mary Merrill Anderson. 24 When Georgians state legislature went into session in January 2003, law makers found themselves grappling with a $650 million budget shortfall. Part of their response was to eliminate the planned $30 million in fiscal 2003 funding for the Georgia Community Greengages Program, after appropriating $30 million per fiscal year in 001 and 2002.The legislature also cut the 2004 budget from $30 million to $10 million. The program helps the state's fastest-growing counties set aside adequate green space-at least 20 percent of their land-amid all the new subdivisions and strip malls. Most of the affected counties are around Atlanta, among the nation's worst examples of urban sprawl. For legislators hunting for budget-cutting targets, Georgians $30 million Community Greengages Program â€Å"was like a buffalo in the middle of a group of chickens,† says David Swan, program director for Tap's Atlanta office.The cut â€Å"makes a compelling argument that we need a dedicated funding source, so that green space acquisition isn't depending on fiscal cycles and the legislature. â€Å"25 The federal government has also cut its city parks spending. In 1978, the federal government established the Urban Park and Recreation Recovery (PARR) program to help urban areas rehabilitate their recreational facilities. The program received no funding in fiscal year 2003, down from $28. 9 million in both 2001 and 2002. 26 President Bush's budget proposal for fiscal 2004 also allocates no PARR funding.

Throughout The Beginning Of The Course We Have Read A Wide

Throughout the beginning of the course we have read a wide variety of short stories all written by people from different backgrounds and nations. Despite these differences I have found that there is a continuing theme in the majority of the works we have read. Many of these stories are about a character or characters journey and what this reveals to them about themselves or the world around them. In particular Young Goodman Brown, Araby and A Good Man Is Hard to Find all deal a character s realization of the bitter world they live in. The journey is merely a prompt or tool that helps to unearth the misery that each character finds. I will be comparing and contrasting the characters journeys in the three stories and determining what I†¦show more content†¦It is very important that as a boy who is growing up that he â€Å"proves† himself to Mangan’s sister as a person who is worthy of her love. Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man Is Hard to Find has the Grandmother going on this journey with her family out of necessity but even this is different from the young boys necessity. â€Å"She wouldn’t stay at home for a million bucks... Afraid she’d miss something. She Has to go everywhere we go† (O’Connor 277). June Starr comes to this conclusion, but I get the feeling that she goes with the family on this journey because she doesn’t want to be left out. The family already doesn’t listen to her and the children are cruel brats, but the fear of being alone is perhaps too much for her to handle. Each story has a different reason or motivation for travelling, but there are some similarities mixed amongst the differences here. If the motivation for journeying has it’s similarities and differences so does the outcome of each character s journey. Hawthorne sends Young Goodman Brown on a trip through Hell as he comes to realize that everyone who he had looked up to and loved is apart of a pagan ritual involving the Devil. Again there is some ambiguity with this conclusion as it is never spelled out for the reader if this ritual was all a dream or not, but nonetheless it changes Young Goodman Brown. â€Å"A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperateShow MoreRelatedWow. I Just Finished My Last Semester As An Undergraduate1337 Words   |  6 PagesIt is the courses which pushed me outside of my comfort zone that I remember best. From my Arabic class in Morocco, to my first ever music class, to the first time I was told to write poetry, these are the courses that don’t blend in with the backdrop of my education. These courses stand out because they required more work, and because they forced me to think outside of my normal pattern. Arabs and Muslims in the Media has been one of these courses. 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